Mongolia Explores Multi-Billion-Dollar Coal Deal with China Energy

Mongolia finds itself at a critical juncture in its coal export strategy. A potential long-term agreement with China Energy, detailed in a recently leaked letter, could reshape the nation’s resource-dependent economy, solidifying its role as the main coal supplier to China.

But this potential shift also raises crucial questions about market dynamics, transparency, and Mongolia’s long-term economic sovereignty. This comes as Mongolia experiences record coal exports to China, surpassing 50 million metric tons in 2023 and projected to reach 80 million in 2025, driven in part by robust demand from China’s steel industry.